IMF projects global growth at 3.2% in 2025 but warns of persistent headwinds

The International Monetary Fund in its October 2025 outlook raised this year’s global GDP estimate to about 3.2 %, from earlier forecasts near 3.0 %, but cautioned that momentum remains fragile and uneven across regions. Advanced economies are projected to grow around 1.5 %, while emerging markets may hover just above 4 %. The IMF flagged elevated policy uncertainty, tilted consumer demand and trade-friction risks as key drags, suggesting that more structural reforms will be needed for a meaningful rebound.