The Research, Development & Innovation (RDI) Scheme was unveiled at the Emerging Science Technology and Innovation Conclave 2025 (ESTIC 2025) in New Delhi, committing ₹1 lakh crore to promote private-sector-led R&D across deep-tech, strategic and high-risk domains. Narendra Modi stressed that this fund would help India transition from technology-consumer to technology-creator. The scheme targets sunrise sectors including AI, semiconductors, bio-manufacturing and green tech, and will offer extended tenor growth-capital and lower-interest refinancing.